Monday, 25 October 2010

How to Setup a VPN (PPTP) Server on Debian Linux

VPN-ing into your server will allow you to connect to every possible service running on it, as if you were sitting next to it on the same network, without individually forwarding every port combination for every service you would like to access remotely.
Using a VPN connection also has the upshot of, if desired, granting access to other computers on the network as if you where in it locally from anywhere across the internet.
While not the most secure of the VPN solutions out there, PPTP is by far the simplest to install, configure and connect to from any modern system and from windows specifically as the client is a part of the OS since the XP days and you don’t need to mess with certificates (like with L2TP+IPsec or SSL VPNs) on both sides of the connection.
Did i get you interested? then let’s go :)

Preface

  • You will need to forward port 1723 from the internet to the server to enable the connection (not covered here).
  • You will see me use VIM as the editor program, this is just because I’m used to it… you may use any other editor that you’d like.

Server Setup

Install the pptp server package:
sudo aptitude install pptpd
Edit the “/etc/pptpd.conf” configuration file:
sudo vim /etc/pptpd.conf
Add to it:
localip 192.168.1.5
remoteip 192.168.1.234-238,192.168.1.245
Where the “localip” is the address of the server, and the remoteip are the addresses that will be handed out to the clients, it is up to you to adjust these for your network’s requirements.
Edit the “/etc/ppp/pptpd-options” configuration file:
sudo vim /etc/ppp/pptpd-options
Append to the end of the file, the following directives:
ms-dns 192.168.1.1
nobsdcomp
noipx
mtu 1490
mru 1490
Where the IP used for the ms-dns directive is the DNS server for the local network your client will be connecting to and, again, it is your responsibility to adjust this to your network’s configuration.
Edit the chap secrets file:
sudo vim /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
Add to it the authentication credentials for a user’s connection, in the following syntax:
username * users-password *
Restart the connection’s daemon for the settings to take affect:
sudo /etc/init.d/pptpd restart
If you don’t want to grant yourself access to anything beyond the server, then you’re done on the server side.

Enable Forwarding (optional)

While this step is optional and could be viewed as a security risk for the extremely paranoid, it is my opinion that not doing it defeats the purpose of even having a VPN connection into your network.
By enabling forwarding we make the entire network available to us when we connect and not just the VPN server itself. Doing so allows the connecting client to “jump” through the VPN server, to all other devices on the network.
To achieve this we will be flipping the switch on the “forwarding” parameter of the system.
Edit the “sysctl” file:
sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
Find the “net.ipv4.ip_forward” line and change the parameter from 0 (disabled) to 1 (enabled):
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
You can either restart the system or issue this command for the setting to take affect:
sudo sysctl -p
With forwarding enabled, all the server side settings are prepared.
We recommend using a “Split Tunnel” connection mode for the VPN client.
A more in depth explanation about the recommended “Split Tunnel” mode, as well as instructions for Ubuntu Linux users can be found in the “Setting up a “Split Tunnel” VPN (PPTP) Client on Ubuntu 10.04” guide.
For windows users, follow the guides below to create the VPN client on your system.
PPTP VPN Dialer Setup on XP (split tunnel)
We will create a regular VPN dialer with one note worthy exception, that we will set the system to NOT use it as the “Default Gateway” when connected.
Skipping this step will limit the connecting computer’s surfing speed to the VPN server’s upload speed (usually slow) because all of it’s traffic would be routed through the VPN connection and that’s not what we want.
We need to start the connection wizard, so we will go to control panel.
Go to “Start” and then “Control Panel”.
xp-vpn01
*If your system is setup with the “Classic Start Menu” you need to just point on the “Control Panel” icon and then select “Network Connections”.
In “Control Panel” double click “Network Connections”.
xp-vpn02
Double click “New Connection wizard”.
xp-vpn03
In the “New Connection wizard” welcome screen click “Next”.
xp-vpn04
Select the “Connect to the network at my workspace” option and then “Next”.
xp-vpn05
Select the “Virtual Private Network connection” option and then “Next”.
xp-vpn06
Give a name to the VPN connection.
xp-vpn07
Type in the name of your VPN servers DNS-name or IP address as seen from the Internet.
xp-vpn08
Optionally You may choose to “Add a shortcut to the desktop” and “Finish”.
xp-vpn09
Now comes the tricky part, it is vitally important you do NOT try to connect now and go into the dialer’s “Properties”.
xp-vpn10
Go to the networking tab and change the “Type of VPN” to “PPTP VPN” as shown in the picture below (this is optional but will shorten the time it takes to connect) then go into “Properties”.
xp-vpn11
On the next window go into “Advance” without changing anything else.
xp-vpn12
On the next window, uncheck the “Use default gateway on remote network” option.
xp-vpn13
Now enter the connection’s credentials as you set them on the server and connect.
xp-vpn14
That’s it, you should now be able to access all the computers on your network from the XP client… Enjoy.

PPTP VPN Dialer Setup on Win7 (split tunnel)

We will create a regular VPN dialer with one note worthy exception, that we will set the system to NOT use it as the “Default Gateway” when connected.
Skipping this step will limit the connecting computer’s surfing speed to the VPN server’s upload speed (usually slow) because all of it’s traffic would be routed through the VPN connection and that’s not what we want.
We need to start the connection wizard, so we will go to the “Network and Sharing Center”.
Click the network icon in the system tray and then “Open Network and Sharing Center”
win7-vpn1
In the Network center click on “Set up a new connection or network”.
win7-vpn2
Select “Connect to a workplace” and then “Next”.
win7-vpn3
Click on the first option of “Use my Internet connection (VPN)”.

win7-vpn4
Set the address of your VPN server as seen from the internet either by DNS-name or IP.

win7-vpn5
Even though it won’t connect now because we stil need to go into the dialer’s properties, Set the username and password and hit connect.

win7-vpn6
After the connection will fails to connect (that’s normal), click on “Set up the connection anyway”.

win7-vpn7
Back in the “Network Center”, click on “Change adapter settings”.

win7-vpn8
Find the dialer we have just created, right click it and select “Properties”.

win7-vpn9
While its optional, for a faster connecting dialer, set the “type” of VPN to PPTP under “the “Security” tab.

Go to the “Networking” tab, select the IPv4 protocol and go into it’s properties.
win7-vpn10a
In the next window, click “Advance” without changing anything else.
win7-vpn11
On the next window, uncheck the “Use default gateway on remote network” option.
win7-vpn12
Now enter the connection’s credentials as you set them on the server and connect.
win7-vpn13
That’s it, you should now be able to access all the computers on your network from the win7 client.

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